{"id":1770,"date":"2022-03-24T13:58:19","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T13:58:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dochoihoangha.com\/edu\/?p=1770"},"modified":"2022-03-24T14:32:02","modified_gmt":"2022-03-24T14:32:02","slug":"boi-duong-thuong-xuyen-giao-duc-phat-trien-nhan-thuc-cho-tre-em","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dochoihoangha.com\/edu\/boi-duong-thuong-xuyen-giao-duc-phat-trien-nhan-thuc-cho-tre-em.html","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i thu ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean module GVMN 12<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb em theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

1. B\u00e0i thu ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean module GVMN 12 s\u1ed1 1<\/h2>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra EDI (ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>) t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho th\u1ea5y: c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 50% tr\u1ebb em Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 5-6 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n \u1edf v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, v\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non<\/strong> tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc cho tr\u1ebb em m\u1ea7m non. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Trong chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u201cl\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/em>\u201d trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em m\u1ea7m non ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>: N\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u1ea7m non trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb m\u1ea7m non ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cl\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m\u201d<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tr\u1ebb em trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1: ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n sinh s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef\u2026 \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\"T\u0103ng<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t cho h\u1ecdc sinh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 – B\u00e1o Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf Online<\/em><\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u1ea7m non<\/strong> c\u1ea7n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc m\u1ea7m non \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3: Thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean; nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

– H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n: L\u1eafng nghe \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, cho l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi; d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean; kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t, ra l\u1ec7nh; t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb; khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

– H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n<\/strong>: L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/a> v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i sinh ho\u1ea1t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin, kinh nghi\u1ec7m; ki\u1ec3m tra, d\u1ef1 gi\u1edd, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh; cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u00fap gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1: C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ebb em d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, tr\u1ebb em d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n; Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n; ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ebb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1; c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean trong chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nghi ng\u1edd tr\u1ebb g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean quan\u2026<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em, \u1ee9ng x\u1eed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0: Tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em (trai v\u00e0 g\u00e1i, xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c ngh\u00e8o, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t hay ti\u1ebfng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt<\/em>\u2026) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc; gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u00ec v\u1ecdng cao v\u00e0o tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ebb; khi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 lu\u00f4n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, g\u1ecdi t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c t\u00ean y\u00eau khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hay c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1eddm\u201d, \u201cng\u1ed1c\u201d\u2026; t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb; cho tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m ngay c\u1ea3 khi tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m hay g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n…<\/p>\n

– Quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean; c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, khen th\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non, \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u1ee7, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, khen th\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00fang vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c, b\u1ecf ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai<\/strong>: N\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng qua sinh ho\u1ea1t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

– K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i tr\u1ebb. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf th\u00edch, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i tr\u1ebb. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, nhu c\u1ea7u, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\"Tr\u1ebb<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ebb 5 tu\u1ed5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong gi\u1edd k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n. \u1ea2nh: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ea3o B\u00e1o VietNamNet<\/em><\/p>\n

– K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em. Trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111an xen gi\u1eefa ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng – ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (th\u00f4ng qua bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tranh<\/em>\u2026) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong l\u1edbp. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00f3m, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chung cho c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Tr\u1ebb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ea1y t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t cho tr\u1ebb, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng tr\u1ebb. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho tr\u1ebb tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

– K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00ec gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb; th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb khi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb; \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch giao ti\u1ebfp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (c\u00e2m), \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n quan s\u00e1t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ebb c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 g\u00ec\u2026<\/p>\n

– K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n chia c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch; khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 khen ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n; d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho m\u1ed7i tr\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

– K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non<\/a><\/strong> theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u201cl\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m\u201d. Khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed9i dung, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em. C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao.<\/p>\n

– H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ebb trong l\u1edbp, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng cho tr\u1ebb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb trong l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho tr\u1ebb h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, vui ch\u01a1i<\/h3>\n

C\u1ea3 hai m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb. Tr\u1ebb em s\u1ebd tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 tr\u1ebb \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u1ebb c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb: s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u1edf l\u1edbp c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111i l\u1ea1i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, \u00edt c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, di chuy\u1ec3n an to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c \u1edf l\u1edbp c\u00f3 g\u00f3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, quan t\u00e2m b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: C\u00e1c g\u00f3c ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: trang ph\u1ee5c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c<\/a><\/strong>, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u2026 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/strong>: H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ebb em ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n<\/h3>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n<\/strong>: Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt h\u1ecdc h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp, can thi\u1ec7p s\u1edbm ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i t\u1eadt, tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap theo nhu c\u1ea7u (m\u00e1y tr\u1ee3 th\u00ednh, xe l\u0103n, n\u1ea1ng<\/em>\u2026). Tr\u1ebb em gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o\u2026<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m<\/strong>: Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n<\/h3>\n

Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u1eef m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ebb; th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ebb v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1edbp; khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ebb v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non, chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3<\/em>) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u201cl\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng tr\u1ebb, t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb m\u1ea7m non d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.\/.<\/p>\n

\"T\u0103ng<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap HS ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. \u1ea2nh: Ph\u00f2ng GD&\u0110T B\u1eafc H\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/em><\/p>\n

2. B\u00e0i thu ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean module GVMN 12 s\u1ed1 2<\/h2>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ong \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau, m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u then ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ebb em trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 0-6 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Tr\u1ebb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra xung quanh ch\u00fang. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u1ebb em l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di\u1ec5n ra xung quanh tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb, trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean l\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ebb ch\u01a1i, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ebb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb suy ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0m, k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u1ebb quan s\u00e1t, xem x\u00e9t, ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xung quanh v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb ngh\u0129 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n b\u0103n kho\u0103n, th\u1eafc m\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m l\u00ed l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb m\u1ea7m non.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u00edt gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u “c\u00f4 n\u00f3i, tr\u1ebb nghe”, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ch\u1ecdn vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu cho tr\u1ebb xem h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n theo c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng \u0111i tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng cao, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ch\u01b0a phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ch\u01b0a t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i cho tr\u1ebb v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh…\u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m th\u00ec gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc<\/a> t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00ec gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi d\u1ea1y theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

*Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean n\u00ean gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean n\u00ean d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho tr\u1ebb quan s\u00e1t, xem x\u00e9t, ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n, so s\u00e1nh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi g\u1ee3i m\u1edf, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u1ebb t\u01b0 duy nh\u1eb1m d\u1eabn d\u1eaft tr\u1ebb suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111ang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean<\/a><\/strong> g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho tr\u1ebb chia s\u1ebb, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng nhau trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o cho tr\u1ebb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong ph\u00fa, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

*Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u1ea7m non c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n

Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1edbi n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho tr\u1ebb. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m: K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chia nh\u00f3m, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi…<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00ec gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau: C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc; c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u; \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb; c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a1n ngh\u0129a, r\u00f5 \u00fd.<\/p>\n

* C\u1ea7n khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec trong t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n. Gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd nh\u1edb nhanh v\u00e0 l\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u00ec gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u00f3m tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean chia nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 \u00edt, n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, c\u1ea7n b\u1ea7u ra tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n